Animal training Wikipedia. Animal training refers to teachinganimals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Animals-United-temp-DI.jpg' alt='Animals United Movie Photo ' title='Animals United Movie Photo ' />Feature film production and distribution, video and DVD worldwide distribution, and production of programs for television broadcast and syndication. Share this Rating. Title My Family and Other Animals TV Movie 2005 7. Want to share IMDbs rating on your own site The official website for Entourage on HBO, featuring videos, images, schedule information and episode guides. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection, and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than a wild animal in a circus. In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist. They do not share consistent goals or requirements they dont prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor using the title. Similarly, the United States does not require animal trainers to have any specific certification. An animal trainer should consider the natural behaviors of the animal and aim to modify behaviors through a basic system of reward and punishment. MethodseditThe behavioral approacheditPrincipleseditDuring training, an animal trainer can administer one of four potential consequences for a given behavior Positive reinforcement. Occurs when an animals behavior is followed by a stimulus that increases occurrences of the behavior in the future. Negative reinforcement. Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, which causes the occurrences of the behavior to increase in the future. Positive punishment. Occurs when a behavior is followed by the addition of an aversive stimulus. This causes a decrease in occurrences of behavior in the future. Negative punishment. Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus. As a result, the occurrences of the behavior decrease in the future. Daria In `Is It Fall Yet?` Movie On Dvd. Behavior analysts emphasize the use of positive reinforcement for increasing desirable behaviors 6 and negative punishment for decreasing undesirable behaviors. If punishment is going to be used to decrease an undesirable behavior, the animal must be able to receive positive reinforcement for an alternative behavior. Establishing new behavioreditReinforcement should be provided according to a predetermined schedule. Such a schedule of reinforcement specifies whether all responses or only some are reinforced and includes the following Variable ratio. A reinforcer delivery occurs after a set number of responses, but that number varies around an average number. Fixed ratio. A specific number of responses occur before a reinforcer is delivered. Variable interval. Is the first response that is emitted after a set but variable amount of time has elapsed is reinforced. Fixed interval. The first response that is emitted after a set time has elapsed is reinforced. While continuous reinforcement in a fixed ratio schedule may be necessary for the initial learning stages, a variable ratio schedule is the most effective at maintaining behavior over long periods of time. There are various methods animal trainers can use to prompt an animal to respond to a stimulus in a specific way. For example, shaping is a process by which successive approximations are rewarded until the desirable response topography is attained. An animal trainer can use conditioned reinforcers, like clickers, to bridge the interval between response and positive reinforcement. Some stimuli that is considered discriminative are signals, targets and cues. They can be used to prompt a response from an animal, and can be changed to other stimuli or faded in magnitude. In order to delay satiation, reinforcer size should be as small as possible and still be effective for reinforcement. Also, the timing of the delivery of a reinforcer is crucial. Initially the interval between response and consequence must be minimal in order for the animal to associate the consequence with the response. Other important issues related to this method are Certain sub fields of animal training tend to also have certain philosophies and styles. For example, fields such as Companion bird training. Hunting bird training. Companion dog training. Show dog training. Dressage horse training. Mahout elephant training. Circus elephant training. Zoo elephant training. Zoo exotic animal training. Marine mammal training. The degree of trainer protection from the animal and the tasks trained may also vary. They can range from entertainment, husbandry veterinary behaviors, physical labor or athleticism, habituation to averse stimuli, interaction or non interaction with other humans, or even research sensory, physiological, cognitive. Training also may take into consideration the natural social tendencies of the animal species or even breed, such as predilections for attention span, food motivation, dominance hierarchies, aggression, or bonding to individuals conspecifics as well as humans. Consideration must also be given to practical aspects on the human side such as the ratio of the number of trainers to each animal. In some circumstances one animal may have multiple trainers, in others, a trainer might attend simultaneously to many animals in a training session. Sometimes training is accomplished with a single trainer working individually with a single animal. Service animalsedit. Morphy, an Orangutan with his toy, a horse, on a walk with his keeper in a traveling circus. Service animals, such as assistance dogs, Capuchin monkeys and miniature horses, are trained to utilize their sensory and social skills to bond with a human and help that person to offset a disability in daily life. The use of service animals, especially dogs, is an ever growing field, with a wide range of special adaptations. In the United States, selected inmates in prisons are used to train service dogs. In addition to adding to the short supply of service animals, such programs have produced benefits in improved socialization skills and behavior of inmates. Film and televisioneditOrganizations such as the American Humane Association monitor the use of animals such as those used in the entertainment industry, but they do not monitor their training. The Patsy Award Picture Animal Top Star of the Year was originated by the Hollywood office in 1. Tyrone Powerfilm. Jesse James. The award now covers both film and television and is separated into four categories canine, equine, wild and special. One famous animal trainer, Frank Inn, received over 4. Patsy awards. While there is a high demand for mammals for film and television, there is also a demand for other animals. Steven R. Kutcher has filled this niche for insects. Companion animalseditBasic obedience training tasks for dogs, include walking on a leash, attention, housebreaking, nonaggression, and socialization with humans or other pets. Dogs are also trained for many other activities, such as dog sports, service dogs, and working dog tasks. Positive reinforcement for dogs can include primary reinforcers like food or social reinforcers, such as vocal good boy or tactile stroking ones. Positive punishment, if used at all, can be physical, such as pulling on a leash or spanking. It may also be vocal, such as saying bad dog. Bridges to positive reinforcement, include vocal cues, whistling, and dog whistles, as well as clickers used in clicker training, a method popularized by Karen Pryor. Negative reinforcement may also be used. Punishment is also a tool, including withholding of food or physical discipline. The primary purpose of training horses is to socialize them around humans, teach them to behave in a manner that makes them safe for humans to handle, and, as adults to carry a rider under saddle or to be driven in order to pull a vehicle. As prey animals, much effort must be put into training horses to overcome its natural flight or fight instinct and accept handling that would not be natural for a wild animal, such as willingly going into a confined space, or having a predator a human being sit on its back.